https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-57016998
#C1+ #IELTS #Reading
1. The Severn (n) a river in South Wales and southwest England which flows from the Welsh mountains to the Bristol Channel
2. Twaite /tweɪt/ (n) herring-like food fish
3. Twaite shad (n) a European shad (fish) with a deep blue back, silvery sides, and some spotting
4. Herring /ˈherɪŋ/ (n) a North Atlantic fish that swims in very large groups and is used for food
shoals of herring
fresh herring fillets
pickled herrings
None of them had anything to go for, so they agreed to stay on for the herring.
5. Dwindle (v) to become gradually less or smaller
dwindling audiences
a dwindling band of supporters
Support for the party has dwindled away to nothing.
Membership of the club has dwindled from 70 to 20.
His money had dwindled away.
The elephant population is dwindling.
syn: lessen, fall, decline, decrease
6. Weir /wɪə(r)/ (n) a low wall or barrier built across a river in order to control the flow of water or change its direction
Flood water was pouring over the weir in a thundering torrent.
7. host of sb/sth = a large number of people or things
a host of possibilities
The hotel offers a host of leisure activities.
There's a whole host of reasons why he didn't get the job.
A host of show business celebrities have pledged their support.
syn: lot, load, great quantity, large number
8. Lamprey /ˈlæmpri/ (n) a freshwater fish with a round mouth that attaches itself to other fish and sucks their blood
9. Listen out for sth = to make an effort to hear a noise that you are expecting {to listen carefully to try and hear a sound}
Would you listen out for the phone while I'm in the garden?
I was listening out for their footsteps.
Listen out for the baby in case she wakes up.
10. Spawn (sth) /spɔːn/ (v) (of fish, frogs, etc.) to lay eggs
The frogs haven't spawned yet.
[spawning ground/place (n) a place where fish leave their eggs for fertilization
Salmon and sea trout use the upper river as a spawning ground.]
11. Vigil /ˈvɪdʒɪl/ (n) a period of time when people stay awake, especially at night, in order to watch a sick person, say prayers, protest, etc.
His parents kept a round-the-clock vigil at his bedside.
Student held a candlelit vigil against the war.
Bill kept a constant vigil by his wife's bed during her illness.
Supporters of the peace movement held an all-night candlelit vigil outside the cathedral.
12. Inadvertently /ˌɪnədˈvɜːtəntli/ (adv) by accident; without intending to
We had inadvertently left without paying the bill.
I'm afraid I inadvertently took your purse when I left.
He inadvertently deleted the file.
Viruses can be spread inadvertently by email users.
Robinson's name was inadvertently omitted from the list.
syn: unintentionally, accidently, by accident, mistakenly
ant: deliberately, intentionally, consciously
13. Culvert /ˈkʌlvət/ (n) a tunnel that carries a river or a pipe for water under a road
Diameter culvert ran the entire length of the building.
The culvert seemed to be disused and silted up with debris.
It was a big drain, like a culvert under a road, but the storm waters must be heavy here.
syn: drain, channel, gutter, conduit, watercourse
#C1+ #IELTS #Reading
1. The Severn (n) a river in South Wales and southwest England which flows from the Welsh mountains to the Bristol Channel
2. Twaite /tweɪt/ (n) herring-like food fish
3. Twaite shad (n) a European shad (fish) with a deep blue back, silvery sides, and some spotting
4. Herring /ˈherɪŋ/ (n) a North Atlantic fish that swims in very large groups and is used for food
shoals of herring
fresh herring fillets
pickled herrings
None of them had anything to go for, so they agreed to stay on for the herring.
5. Dwindle (v) to become gradually less or smaller
dwindling audiences
a dwindling band of supporters
Support for the party has dwindled away to nothing.
Membership of the club has dwindled from 70 to 20.
His money had dwindled away.
The elephant population is dwindling.
syn: lessen, fall, decline, decrease
6. Weir /wɪə(r)/ (n) a low wall or barrier built across a river in order to control the flow of water or change its direction
Flood water was pouring over the weir in a thundering torrent.
7. host of sb/sth = a large number of people or things
a host of possibilities
The hotel offers a host of leisure activities.
There's a whole host of reasons why he didn't get the job.
A host of show business celebrities have pledged their support.
syn: lot, load, great quantity, large number
8. Lamprey /ˈlæmpri/ (n) a freshwater fish with a round mouth that attaches itself to other fish and sucks their blood
9. Listen out for sth = to make an effort to hear a noise that you are expecting {to listen carefully to try and hear a sound}
Would you listen out for the phone while I'm in the garden?
I was listening out for their footsteps.
Listen out for the baby in case she wakes up.
10. Spawn (sth) /spɔːn/ (v) (of fish, frogs, etc.) to lay eggs
The frogs haven't spawned yet.
[spawning ground/place (n) a place where fish leave their eggs for fertilization
Salmon and sea trout use the upper river as a spawning ground.]
11. Vigil /ˈvɪdʒɪl/ (n) a period of time when people stay awake, especially at night, in order to watch a sick person, say prayers, protest, etc.
His parents kept a round-the-clock vigil at his bedside.
Student held a candlelit vigil against the war.
Bill kept a constant vigil by his wife's bed during her illness.
Supporters of the peace movement held an all-night candlelit vigil outside the cathedral.
12. Inadvertently /ˌɪnədˈvɜːtəntli/ (adv) by accident; without intending to
We had inadvertently left without paying the bill.
I'm afraid I inadvertently took your purse when I left.
He inadvertently deleted the file.
Viruses can be spread inadvertently by email users.
Robinson's name was inadvertently omitted from the list.
syn: unintentionally, accidently, by accident, mistakenly
ant: deliberately, intentionally, consciously
13. Culvert /ˈkʌlvət/ (n) a tunnel that carries a river or a pipe for water under a road
Diameter culvert ran the entire length of the building.
The culvert seemed to be disused and silted up with debris.
It was a big drain, like a culvert under a road, but the storm waters must be heavy here.
syn: drain, channel, gutter, conduit, watercourse
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