By Hanna Ziady, CNN Business
https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/14/business/france-wine-production-losses/index.html
#C1+ #IELTS #Reading #CNN #Business
1. Frost (n) a weather condition in which the temperature drops below 0°C (=freezing point) so that a thin white layer of ice forms on the ground and other surfaces, especially at night
I will be a clear night with some ground frost.
a sharp/hard/severe/heavy frost
There were ten degrees of frost (= the temperature dropped to -10°C last night)
the risk of frost damage to crops
Even in May we can sometimes get a late frost.
2. Vineyard /ˈvɪnjəd/ (n) a piece of land where grapes are grown in order to produce wine; a business that produces wine from the grapes it grows in a vineyard
Dutch settlers planted the first vineyard when they arrived in 1652.
What I have in mind is to offer him a tenancy of the vineyard.
Compare Winery
3. Heap (v) if you heap praise, blame, criticism, etc. on sb, you give them a great deal of praise, blame, criticism, etc.
He heaped praise on his team.
She heaped his team with praise.
He heaped all the blame on his secretary.
heap sth on sb = load with, burden with
He heaped scorn on both their methods and motives.
4. Reel (at/from/with sth) (v) to feel very shocked or upset about sth
I was still reeling from the shock.
The banks were reeling from the unexpectedly large losses.
5. Tariff /ˈtærɪf/ (n) a tax that is paid on goods coming into or going out of a country
A general tariff was imposed on foreign imports.
The aim of the organization is to reduce tariffs and promote free trade.
The government may impose tariffs on imports.
syn: tax, rate, duty, toll, levy, excise,
6. Appellation (n) a name or title
The appellation covers the whole of Burgundy.
The second appellation is somewhat more surprising.
This sounds expensive but this is no ordinary representative of the appellation.
7. Brazie /ˈbreɪziə(r)/ (n) a large metal container that holds a fire and is used to keep people warm when they are outside
a brazier of red-hot charcoal
He stood warming his hands by the brazier.
People were gathering in the street and lighting charcoal braziers on the pavement.
The braziers were placed in adjoining bedrooms and promptly lit.
8. Beet (n) a plant with a root that is used as a vegetable, especially for feeding animals or making sugar
Cereals and sugar beet, on the other hand, ripen well in such conditions.
"Okay, don't get so testy," Cramer said, his face beet red.
9. Rapeseed (n-U) seeds of the rape plant, used mainly for cooking oil
[rape/oilseed rape (n-U) a plant with bright yellow flowers, grown as food for farm animals and for its seeds that are used to make oil ]
10. Anguish (n-U) severe pain, mental suffering or unhappiness; a feeling of great physical or emotional pain
He groaned in anguish.
Tears of anguish filled her eyes.
The rejection filled him with anguish.
syn: suffering, pain, distress, grief, agony
11. Calamity /kəˈlæməti/ (n) an event that causes great damage to people's lives, property, etc.
Sudan suffered a series of calamities during the 1980s.
His financial help saved the magazine from total calamity.
A series of calamities ruined them - floods, a failed harvest, and the death of a son.
It will be a calamity for farmers if the crops fail again.
syn: disaster, tragedy, ruin, distress
12. Subsidy /ˈsʌbsədi/ (n) money that is paid by a government or an organization to reduce the costs of services or of producing goods so that their prices can be kept low
agricultural subsidies
to reduce the level of subsidy
The government pays subsidies to farmers to produce particular crops.
International disagreement over trade subsidies
syn: aid, help, support, grant, contribution,
13. Spirit (n) 1. (especially British Eng) a strong alcohol drink
I don't drink whisky or brandy or any other spirits.
Vodka is a type of spirit.
Spirits are more expensive than beer, but they get you drunk faster.
2. a special type of alcohol used in industry or medicine
Think the paint with white spirit.
14. Tumble (v) to fall rapidly in value or amount
The price of oil is still tumbling.
Unemployment tumbled to 5.6% in November.
Share prices tumbled yesterday.
Mortgage rates tumbled to their lowest level for 25 years.
15. Grapple with sth (v) to try to deal with or understand a difficult problem or subject; to try hard to find a solution to a problem
Today, many Americans are still grappling with the issue of race.
The new government has yet to grapple with the problem of air pollution.
a government trying to grapple with inflation
an attempt to grapple with this very difficult issue
I was grappling to find an answer to his question.
Molly's upstairs grappling with her maths homework.
syn: deal, tackle, cope, face, take on
16. Meteorologist /ˌmiːtiəˈrɒlədʒɪst/ (n) a scientist who study meteorology (=the scientific study of weather condition)
17. Arctive (adj) extremely cold
TV pictures showed the arctic conditions.
The North of England has been experiencing Arctic
18. Bring sth <-> forward (v) to move sth to an earlier date or time; to change the date or time of an event so that it happens earlier
The meeting has been brought forward from 10 May to 3 May.
The tennis match has been brought forward to 1:00 p.m.
They brought the date of the wedding forward so her cousins could attend.
19. Growing season (n, usually singular) the period of the year during which the weather conditions are right for plants to grow
a part of the world with a long growing season
Any farmer or gardner knows that a milder winter means a longer growing season.
Well, if the winter comes late this year, the growing season will be a few weeks longer.
20. Spell (n) a short period of time during which sth lasts
a spell of warm weather
a cold/hot/wet/bright, etc. spell
There will be rain at first, with sunny spell later.
She went to the doctor complaining of dizzy spells.
a brief/short spell
After a short spell in the army, I went to college.
a spell of bad luck
Water the young plants carefully during dry spells.
21. Stark (adj) unpleasant; real, and impossible to avoid
The author paints a stark picture of life in a prison camp.
The stark choice is between moving out or staying here and paying more.
The remians of the building stand as a stark reminder of the fire.
He now faces the stark reality of life in prison.
The stark fact is that even with more time, we still couldn't raise enough money.
syn: bleak, grim, barren, depressing, forsaken
22. Regime /reɪˈʒiːm/ (n) a method or system of organizing or managing sth
Our tax regime is one of the most favourable in Europe.
The regime in this office is hard work and more hard work.
Under the new regime, all sheep and cattle will be regularly tested for disease.
syn: plan, course, system, programme, scheme
Comments
Post a Comment